Wilcze (near Przemysl)

From the Ukrainian Catholic sacramental registers for the Przemysl Cathedral and the parish of Wilcze we learn that there were a number of Kiebuz / Kiebuzinskis (names appear interchangeably) living in this suburban community.

It is possible that the oldest of this line, Ivan Kiebuz vel Kiebuzinski, was my great-great-great grandfather's, Oleksandr's, brother, and that their father was Semen who died in Przemysl in 1817.

Farmer Ivan Kiebuz vel Kiebuzinski (b. ca. 1780s to Semen Kiebuz) resided first at 32, and then at 6 Wilcze. He studied at the Przemysl Gymnasium from 1801 to 1806. He married 1) Maria Lohyn (b. ca. 1789 to Ivan-16 July 1831) on 26 November 1804. He and his wife Maria (Anna) had the following children: 

 

Anna (ca. July 1806-26 Aug. 1806)  

 

Anna (14 Aug. 1807-26 Aug. 1807) 

 

Maria (b. 29 July 1808) married farmer Ivan Kiebuz (b. ca. 1804) of Sielec, son of Andrei Kiebuz, on 27 October 1822. The address associated with their marriage is 6 Wilcze. See Sielec.

 

Anna (22 Sept. 1811-2 Nov. 1835) married Ivan Jarosiewicz (b. 1815), son of farmers from Kulasze named Stefan and Marianna Baliczkowa, on 12 August 1832. Their address at marriage was entered as 6 Wilcze. When their son, Ihnatii, was born (2 Dec. 1833-15 Jan. 1835), they resided at house no. 55. Ihnatii's godparents were: Ihnatii Jarosiewicz, a farmer in Przekopana; and Maria, wife of Oleksander Kiebuzinski of Nehrybka (possibly my great, great, great grandmother).

 

Vasyl (3 April 1814-14 Oct. 1857 (of consumption at 25 Wilcze)) married Marianna Walewska (b. 26 Dec. 1817, Panko and Maria Tsokh) circa February-March 1837.

 

Kateryna (b. 24 April 1818) married Andrei Kuzmicz (b. 19 Oct. 1817) of Sielec, the son of Vasyl and Paraskeva Jaromiszowska, on 22 November 1835. Their address is listed as 4 Wilcze. 

 

Halia 

 

Eva (b. 15 Feb. 1822) married Ivan Powazniak (b. ca. 1819, Ilia and Eva). They had a daughter named Kateryna (b. 6 Oct. 1843), and, at the time of her birth, the family was living at 29, Wilcze. When their son Petro was born (29 Jan. 1848), they had moved to 6 Wilcze.  

 

Stefan (6 April 1825-20 Oct. 1825) 

 

Hryc (Hryhorii) (1 Feb. 1827-16 June 1835)

Maria died on 16 July 1831 of cholera at age 41. At the time of her death the family was living at 6 Wilcze. Ivan, now 56, took a second wife, 2) Maria (b. ca. 1796/1803-26 February 1856). She was the daughter of Ivan and Maria Fedun, and a widow to the late Andrei Chomicki. They married on 2 September 1832, and resided at 5-6 Wilcze. Their children were:

Pelahia (17 Oct. 1833-29 March 1900) married 1) Ivan Lohyn (b. 1827). They had one son: 

Mykola (b. 26 Feb. 1853) married 1) Maria Bilyk (b. 8 Nov. 1856, Dmytro and Anastasia Mykyta of Przekopana) in 1875. 

After her husband's death, Pelahia wed 2) Ivan Tsok (b. ca. 1827), the son of farmers Hryhorii Tsok and Anna  Jarosiewicz, on 1 October 1854. They had at least six daughters and three sons, all baptized at the Ukrainian Cathedral. Their address was 27/32 Wilcze. When Pelahia passed away at age 68, she lived at 2 Wilcze. Pelahia's son Ivan's and daughters'  address was listed as 6 Wilcze at the time of their marriages:

Ivan (13 June 1856-22 Aug. 1920) marries Kateryna Volynets (Wolyniec)) of 133, Blonie, on 13 February 1881.

 

Rosalia (15 Sep. 1860-24 Sep. 1860) 

 

Pelahia (b. 18 Apr. 1863) 

 

Kateryna (b. 14 July 1865) marries Andrei Makar (b. 4 Dec. 1855, Ivan and Paraska Kihaczynska of Buszkowice) on 3 October 1880 

 

Anna (b. 4 Nov. 1867) married 1) Danylo Glus on 15 Nov. 1885 (d. 1888), and 2) Teodor Pouch on 5 Feb. 1893 

 

Vasyl (b. 7 July 1870-d. 1870) 

 

Maria (19 June 1871-9 April 1872) 

 

Hryhorii (b./d. 23 Feb. 1873) 

 

Anastasia (23 May 1875-24 May 1875)

Mykola (21 May 1836-21 Jan. 1913 in Przemysl (see: Peremyskyi visnyk, v.7, no. 3 (31 Jan. 1913)), married 1) Maria Kozakiewicz (ca. 1835/1837-18 Nov. 1869), daughter of Roman and Anna Sikora, on 17 October 1852. One of their witnesses was Ivan Lohyn. The couple resided at 2 Wilcze.  Their children included: Pelahia (3 Nov. 1856-7 Dec. 1856), Anna (13 Jan. 1858-20 July 1858), and Anna (11 Feb. 1860-26 Feb. 1860). The second Anna's baptism took place at the Ukrainian Cathedral. Mykola Kiebuzinski was a military veteran, home owner, and ran for the socialist party in the municipal elections for Przemysl, representing the Lviv District, in 1897 (Kuryer Przemyski 25 Feb. 1897). When his son Mykhailo was attending the Juliusz Slowacki Gymnasium in Przemysl, Mykola was listed as a retired railway official with the Prince Albrecht Railway, which in 1873 connected Stryi-Dolyna-Stanyslaviv. He may have also been involved in the railway development through the Lupkow Pass in 1872.

After the death of his first wife, Mykola remarried. His second wife was 2) Rosalia (née Binicka; 1 Feb. 1846, Stryi-25 May 1902 (of pneumonia), daughter of Vasyl Binicki and Marianna Serednicka Tomaszewska of Blonie). They were married on 21 January 1870 by Bishop Joseph Sembratovych, and resided at 31-33 ul. Sienna (today ul. Gen. Zygmunta Zielinskiego). The family maintained close ties with the city of Stryi, and lived there in the mid-1880s.

Mykola's and Rosalia's children were:

Ivan Kiebuzinski (26 Feb. 1871, Przemysl-16 Apr. 1906) is presently buried in Przemysl city cemetery. At the time of his death, of heart trouble, he was a seminarian in the Ukrainian Catholic Church. His last address was 33 ul. Sienna, Lwowskie district. 

The 1877/1878 directory of the Institute for the Deaf in Lviv, lists among its first year students one Jan Kiebuzinski. This student may be the  same person buried in the Przemysl city cemetery. (See: Sprawozdanie o stanie gal. zakladu gluchoniemych za rok 1877/78 (Lwow, 1878), p. 7).

Mykhailo (Michal) Kiebuzinski (10 Nov. 1872-5 Jan. 1939) attended the Higher Real gymnasium in Stryi (1884/85), and the Polish gymnasium in Przemysl (from 1887), from which he graduated in 1893. He lived with his father at ul. Lwowska, nr. 420.  Afterwards he studied law. He then worked for postal-telegraph offices in Lviv (1897), Przemysl (1898-1899), Jaroslaw (1900-1902), and again in Przemysl (1903-1914). He married the widow Konstantyna Demczak Misinkiewicz (b. 22 March 1870; the late Ignacy Misinkiewicz, a carpenter (d. 30 Jan. 1913)) in Przemsyl on 9 September 1914. Mykhailo served as executive member of the Society for Merchants and Commerce in Przemysl (Source: Peremyskyi vistnyk v.4, no. 11 (25 Feb. 1910). He donated funds towards the establishment of a private Ukrainian school to be named after Markiian Shashkevych (Peremyskyi vistnyk v.5, no. 6 (11 Aug. 1911). During World War I, Mykhailo’s political orientation was conservative, and he aligned himself with the pro-monarchist Hetmanite movement.  He was arrested by Polish authorities in Przemysl in 1918 (Source: Reprint of article “Visti z kraiu-Peremyshl” in Holos z-nad Buhu, no. 1 (1 Mr. 2010)), following the seizure of the city by Ukrainian forces in early November, during which Kiebuzinski was charged with overseeing the city's postal and telegraph bureau. He was interned as a prisoner of war at Dombie from 1918 to 1919, along with some 6,000 to 12,000 other Ukrainians.  At the time he was a city controller (or accountant), and identified as a well-known Ukrainian patriot (Source: The Bloody Book: Returns Concerning the Invasion of the Poles into the Ukrainian Territory of East-Galicia, in 1918/19, vol.1, p. 50). After the war and revolutionary period, he returned to work for the postal and telegraph service, and was stationed in Bochnia (located between Krakow and Tarnow) in 1923, before being transferred back to Przemysl (Source: Dziennik Urzedowy Ministerstwa Poczt i Telegrafow, 1923, p. 551). Mykhailo became a member of the Ukrainian National Democratic Society (UNDO), and took part in the city’s district council meeting of 1932. He ran unsuccessfully for municipal elections (District III) held in Przemysl in May 1934 (Ukrainskyi beskyd, 34 May 1934). Mykhailo was a member of the Society of the Ukrainian Peoples' Home, and served as assistant director of its executive from 1935 until circa 1938 (Peremyshl i peremyska zemlia protiahom vikiv z instytutsii. Peremyshl-Lviv, 2003). His obituary noted that he had been a member of many other local and regional Ukrainian societies, among them a number of local savings and loan associations. and had served on the board of the Society of the Ukrainian Girls' Institute. He was credited with founding the Prosvita society branch in Błonie, a neighborhood of greater Przemysl, to which he donated property. (Nadsianska zemlia 2 (4) (1939). 

Iosyp (Osyp or Jozef) Kiebuzinski (27 Dec. 1873, Przemysl-12 Sep. 1929, Stryi; godparents: Ivan Tsok and Kateryna Kiebuzinska) attended the Ukrainian section of the Polish gymnasium in Przemysl from 1891 to 1893, from which developed a separate Ukrainian gymnasium soon after. He completed Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium only in 1897. He began teaching at the Stryi gymnasium in 1905, followed by assignments at the Arcyksiezniczki Elzbiety Gymnasium in Sambir (1906-1909), the gymnasium in Sokil (1909) and at the Polish Gymnasium in Ternopil (1910-1913). In Sambir he taught history, and the Latin, German, and Ukrainian languages; while in Ternopil he was responsible for history and geography, and the German and Ukrainian languages. Iosyp returned to Stryi in the 1913/1914 school year, teaching history and geography, and also served as the director of the Shevchenko Ukrainian Bursa, a dormitory home for out-of-town students. 

Iosyp Kiebuzinski was a refugee in Vienna during the first World War (he lived at Theresianumgasse 1.10.), and taught privately there from 1914 to 1918. After the war, he returned to teaching at the Stryi State Gymnasium.

Iosyp Kebuzinskyi (2nd row: center),

director of the Ukrainian branch of the Stryi State Gymnasium (June 1921)

In a memoir of a Stryi Gymansium student, the author mentions how Prof. Kebuzynskyi’s name characterized the man himself: “he would come to class with various colored shoes, and mis-buttoned jackets” (Source:Stryishchyna: istorychno-memuarnyi zbirnyk, vol.2 (Niu Iork: Komitet Stryishchyny, 1990), p. 471). Despite this unfavorable description, when Iosyp died, at age 56, his funeral, held on 14 September 1929, was attended by all the teachers and students of the school, as well as by representatives from other academic institutions. He was memorialized the following day at two masses held at the Roman and Greek Catholic churches (Source: Sprawozdanie dyrekcji Panstwowego gimnazjumi im. Marszalka Jozefa Pilsudskiego w Stryju za rok szkolny 1928/29).

Volodymyr (Vladimir or Wlodizmierz) Kiebuzinski (b. 29 July 1875; godparents: Iosyf Musial and Kateryna (wife of Semen) Kiebuzinska) from Przemysl settled in Ternopil with his new bride, Rosalia (née Sawirska, daughter of Thomas and Catherine (née Kot), b. 19 Oct. 1885 in Przemysl). They had wed in their home city, Przemysl, on 20 February 1906. They moved in to no. 5, Copernicus place. By trade, Volodymyr was a tile manufacturer. According  to Galician, Polish and Danzig business directories from about 1913 to 1937, Volodymyr worked as a tile manufacturer in Ternopil, at first at ul. Ostrogskiego, 24 (1913), and then at ul. Walowa, 3 and 4 (1926-1937, the street was renamed ul. Brucknera). In 1920 he contributed money (350 Polish marks) to support local Ukrainian widows and orphans of veterans of World War I (Source: Svoboda (5 Feb. 1921)). He moved to Kutno (north of Łódź) just before the Second World War and was listed in a 1941 directory as working there as a potter. He and his wife had at least three children: 

Stefania Kiebuzinska (b. 8 Jan. 1907 in Ternopil) was a student at the Ukrainian Gymnasium in Ternopil from 1922 to 1927. She attended grades 3 through 7 there (Source: Iuvileina knyha Ukrainskoi himnazii v Ternopoli, 1898-1998, za red. Stepana Iaremy. Ternopil, 1998, p. 525). Her godparents were Ernest Büttner and Maria Kiebuzinska.  

Mykhailo Kiebuzinski (b. 18 Oct. 1908 in Ternopil) was a student at the Ukrainian Gymnasium in Ternopil from 1920 to 1926. He attended grades 3 thorugh 8 there, and was a graduate of the school (Source: Iuvileina knyha Ukrainskoi himnazii v Ternopoli, 1898-1998, za red. Stepana Iaremy. Ternopil, 1998, p. 512). He married Irena Mariia  Abrysovska (Abrisowska) (b. 27 Aug. 1918 in Lviv; her mother Maria b. 26 April 1889 in Stavchany). Irena studied at the "Ridna shkola" Ukrainian Gymnasium for Girls in Lviv from 1932 to 1937. For her political activities, she faced repressions during the Second World War (Source: Pryvatna divocha gimnaziia "Ridnoi shkoly" Ukrainskoho pedahohichnoho tovarystva imeni Illi ta Ivanny Kokorudziv u Lvovi (Drohobych: Vidrodzhennia, 1997), p. 272). Mykhailo, Irena, and their three children, immigrated to Argentina. Prior, they were living as displaced persons in Austria, probably near the town of Hehenemes, and then in Fribourg. They arrived aboard the ship "Groix" in Buenos Aires by way of Le Havre on 7 December 1948. Mykhailo by profession was an engineer.They settled in the neighborhood of Longchamps in Buenos Aires.

Ivan Kiebuzinski, a Ukrainian and likely the son of Volodymyr, was a manufacturer and merchant of tile stoves in Ternopil during the 1930s (Source: Konrad, Stepan, ed. Shliakhamy zolotoho Podillia (Philadelphia, 1960), v.1, p. 96, v.3, p. 282).

Maria was born on 8 January 1878 in Muszyna (house no. 113), in the parish of Powroźnik near Nowy Sacz. Her godparents at the time of baptism were Petrus Lombard, a landowner in Majdan near Nowy Sacz, and Zynovia Karpiak (wife of T. Karpiak) of Roztoka Wielka. She taught primary school in Torki (1900-1901), Butsiv (Buców) (1902), Chyrzyna (1905-1906), and in Hureczko (1907-1912). She received her certificate to teach in Polish and Ukrainian in 1902 in Przemysl. Maria married Joseph Ilnicki (born 19 March 1880 to Joseph and Francisca Smolska) on 29 September 1910 at the Greek-Catholic Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv. At the time, Ilnicki was a gymnasium teacher in Sieniawa, Jaroslaw district. Maria died 4 May 1942, and is buried in Poznań, cm. par. Bożego Ciała (Bluszczowa).

Mykola (Mikolaj) was born on 25 October 1882, and baptised at the Roman Catholic parish of St. Malgorzata in Nowy Sącz on 23 November. He died on 22 May 1883.

Stefan was born on 1 April 1885 in Stryi (house no. 83), and died on 28 July 1893 at age 8 of tuberculosis in Przemysl. At the time of his death, the family was living at 420 Blonie (same as 31-33 ul. Sienna). 

Semen (b. 10 April 1839) married Kateryna Kulpak (b. ca. 1848), the daughter of Ihnatii Kulpak and Maria Hurska, on 9 December 1867. They resided at 6 Wilcze. Semen Kiebuz died on 23 November 1902 at age 65 of pulmonary tuberculosis. At the time of his death he resided at 68 ul. Polna, Wilcza. He and his descendants owned lots at 64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 76, and 78 along ul. Polna (today ul. Wladyslawa Reymonta). Semen served as an officer in the Gustav V. König von Schweden, der Goten und Wenden Nr. 10 Infantry Regiment. The regiment was part of the 24th Infantry Division of the 10th Army Corps garrisoned in Przemysl.

Semen and Kateryna had a daughter named Maria (b. 23 March 1868). She married Semen / Szymon Vorobel (Worobel) (7 May 1865, Wilcze-23 November 1926, Krakow) on 4 November 1890 in Przemysl. Worobel was the son of Theodor and Maria (née Martyniak) of Blonie. He worked for the postal-telegraph service from 1891 until his death, first at Zywiec and then in Krakow. Their daughter Helena Worobel was born in 1891, in Zywiec, and baptized at St. Norbert Greek-Catholic Church in Krakow.

Ivan may have had a cousin named Anton. Anton and his wife Paraskeva had two sons: Maksym Kiebuz (b. ca. 1829 in Bratkowice, near Rzeszow-5 July 1896, Przemysl) and Pavlo Kiebuz (b. 19 Jan. 1841):

Maksym married Anna Spotowicz in 1862. He worked as a laborer in Grabownicza Starzenska. Maksym committed suicide on 5 July 1896 at age 67. At the time, he was residing at 30 ul. Sienna. Maksym may have sometimes been called, interchangeably, Vasyl, and taken a second wife by the name of Anna Malecka (daughter of Semen Malecki and Tekla). Maksym's children include:

 

Maria (b. 28 Nov. 1866) marries Stanislaus Radecki (b. 13 May 1860, Borek), a Roman Catholic, on 5 June 1887 in Przemysl. One of their witnesses was Pavlo Kiebuz. Their address was 186. 

 

twins Anna (21 Dec. 1869-d. 12 Nov. 1872) and Rosalia (21 Dec. 1869-9 Jan. 1870)  

 

Ahafiia (b. 16 Feb. 1873) marries Johann Oetzl / Petrzl (b. 6 Jan. 1868) in October 1892, a Roman Catholic bricklayer from Moravia and son of Johann Petrzl and Catharine Dolezal. They had a son: Rudolph Stanislaus (6 April 1900-15 April 1931), who married on 7 July 1925.

 

Ivan (10 June 1876-23 June 1879)  

 

Ihnatii (Ignacy / Ignatius) (b. 22 Jan. 1880-d. 22 Oct. 1921, Przemysl, son of Maksym and Anna Malecka,) marries Sofia Oleszko (12 Dec. 1879 or 1881-4 April 1930, daughter of Theodor and Anna Holubowska), of the Roman Catholic rite, on 24 February 1903 in Przemysl. Ihnatii worked in the concrete industry. His children were baptised as Roman Catholics in the parish of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist:  Mieczyslaw Kiebuz (30 Dec. 1899-26 Feb. 1920); Stanislaw Ludwik ( 5 Aug. 1904-?); Emilia (26 April 1907-?); Josepha (10 Mar. 1909-11 Mar. 1909); Casimir (5 Mar. 1910-17 Aug. 1910); Boleslaus (11 Feb. 1913-3 June 1913); and Maria (10 Apr. 1915-6 July 1915). They resided respectively at ul. Gleboka, 3, ul. Krownicka, 3, and ul. Mickieiwicza, 84. Ignacy, Sofia, and Mieczyslaw are buried in the same plot in the main cemetery in Przemysl (quarter 27B, Row 11, no. 13).

 

Another daughter was born to Maksym and Anna by the name of Ivanna. She had some connection to Sudova Vyshnia. Her husband's name was Ivan [Petselskyi]

Pavlo married Kateryna Czerpa (Martin and Lucia Stojakowska). They were both affiliated with the Roman-Catholic church in Zasanie. Their children:

Maria (ca. 1889-24 Jan. 1891, Zasanie)

 

Sophia (b. 1 Feb. 1890-). She got married on 26 November 1918 in Przemysl.

 

Anton (b. 22 Jan. 1892) 

 

Iosyp (1869-1938) descendants

My family went by the last name Kiebuz, Kiebuzinski, or, alternately, Kiebuz vel Kiebuzinski.

My earliest ancestors are Oleksandr Kiebuzinski (b. ca. 1792-d. 18 April 1860) and Maria (née Dombrovska; b. ca. 1799-d. 5 Feb. 1861). Oleksandr studied at the Przemysl Gymnasium in 1808 to 1810. He may have worked in the gravel industry, as he, together with two other contractors, Hirsch Katz and Hirsch Atlas, were brought before the Przemysl District Court for breaking a contract to deliver loads of gravel to the city's regional road construction works. The notice for the hearing was dated 28 September 1829 (Gazeta Lwowska, 117 (12 Oct. 1829). Later he farmed land in and around Nehrybka, and was associated with house no. 28 there.  Oleksandr and Maria had at least four sons and two daughters: Andrei (1820-1893), Ivan (1823-?), Maria (1830s), Anna (1832-1911), my great, great grandfather Iosyp (1835-?), Mykhailo (1837-1870/1871), and Julia (1841-?).

Andrei (b. 1820-d. 31 Aug. 1893) (see entry on Vereshchytsia).

Ivan (b. ca. 1823-d. ?) (see entry on Tuzhyliv).

Maria married Ivan Paczkowski (son of Fedir and Maria). They resided at house no. 35 in Nehrybka, and had several children: 

Anna (b. 14 April 1857)  

 

Pelagia (b. 20 Oct. 1859)

Oles (b. 6 March 1863) 

Maria (b. 1 July 1865)

 

It is unclear how the following individual is associated with Maria and Josef Paczkoski, but he resided at the same address and may be Maria's younger brother. Fedir Kiebuz (b. ca. 1849-d. 22 Apr. 1909 (house no. 35)), also a farmer, married Anna Stec (b. 10 Aug. 1847-d. 3 Mar. 1931). They had at least one son and two daughters who lived and died in Pikulice: Ivan (b. ca. 1878-d. 21 March 1879 (house no. 35)); Kateryna (b. ca. 1886-d. 19 June 1909 (house no. 35)); and Eva (b. Apr. 1889-d. 23 Feb. 1890 (house no. 35)). Kateryna worked as a merchant. She had an illegitimate child named Petro (b. May 1909-d. 10 Dec. 1909 (house no. 35)). Fedir, his daughter Kateryna, and grandson Petro, all died within months of each other in 1909. Feodir’s and Anna’s other children immigrated to the United States, and settled in Glastonbury, Connecticut.

Anna (b. 13 Feb. 1832-d. 20 Oct. 1911) married Stefan Volynets (Wolyniec/Woliniec) (b. either 25 Jan. 1829 or 6 Sep. 1829-d. 1 Feb. 1914) of Blonie. Her husband was the son of Mykhailo Volynets and Maria (née Lenczyk). His godparents were Stefan Puszynski and Helena Demkowicz. Anna and Stefan had the following children: Maria (b. 11 Sep. 1854), Ivan (b. 20 Jan. 1856), Kateryna (b. 21 Sep. 1857), Fedir (b. 27 Feb.1860), Pelahia (b. 3 July 1862), Anna (b. 29 Nov. 1864), Rosalia (b. 27 Oct. 1867-1 Dec. 1950), and twins Petro (b. 2 July 1870-d. 27 July 1871) and Pavlo (b. 2 July 1870). The family's address was 133 Blonie (17 ul. Krownicka; today ul. Gen. Jakuba Jasinskiego). The children's godparents were: Vasyl Lavetskyi, Anastasia Dawidowicz, Ivan Hirczycky, and Ivan Tsok.

Annas and Stefan's oldest daughter Maria married Vasyl Danczak (b. 20 Jan. 1849) on 15 June 1873. He was the son of Mykhailo Danczak and Victoria Pawlowicz of 316, Podgorze.

 

Ivan, of 278, Blonie, married Anna Łobaza (b. 19 July 1859) on 28 October 1877 at the Greek Catholic Cathedral. She was the daughter of Petro and Pelahia Nehrebecka of Blonie.

 

Kateryna married Ivan Tsok (Cok) (b. 13 June 1856) on 13 February 1881, who was the son of Ivan and Pelahia Kiebuzinska (daughter of Ivan Kiebuzinski and Maria Fedun, formerly of 6 Wilce). The Tsok family with their surviving children Mykhailo (b. 25 May 1882-d. 7 June 1905), Dmytro (b. 3 Nov. 1883-d. 31 Dec. 1883), Vasyl (b. 21 Aug. 1885-d. 15 Oct. 1885), Maria (b. 28 July 1887-24 Nov. 1908), Hryhorii (b. 11 Feb. 1889-17 Aug. 1889), and Anna (23 Sep. 1890-6 May 1891) resided at 6 and then 10 Wilcze (ul. Sienna, today ul. Gen. Zygmunta Zielinskiego). 

 

Fedir, 133 Blonie, married Julia Wawak (30 March 1869, daughter of Barbara Wawak), a Roman Catholic, on 18 February 1889 in Przemysl. He worked for the railway company.

 

Pelahia married Ivan Filts (Filc), son of Hryhorii and Rosalia, on 16 May 1885. He was postmaster in Przemysl. The Filts family resided at 41 Wilcze, with their sons Mykhailo (b. 20 Oct. 1888), Omelian (b.19 July 1890-d. 15 June 1962), Kostiantyn (b. 5 Sep. 1895), Volodymyr (b. 14 Sep. 1897-d. 25 May 1984), and Taras (ca. 1901-d. 17 May 1918).

Anna, 133, Blonie, married Wojtiech Jan Mikielski, Roman Catholic, a military officer in the Imperial-Royal artillery division in Przemysl (b. 28 March 1864, son of Mikolaj and Anna Duljan) on 3 August 1890 in Przemysl.

 

Rosalia, 133, Blonie, married Jan Ferdynand Wnetrzak, Roman Catholic, a canonist in the 1st Royal-Imperial Artillery (b. 23 June 1864, Krakow-d. 10 Feb. 1910; son of Wojiech and Winkentja Stopczewska), serving in the barracks in Przemysl, on 8 November 1890. Their children include (with the boys raised as Roman Catholics, the daughter as Greek Catholic): Jan (b. 9 Nov. 1891-29 May 1960, Przemysl), Wladyslaw Wojiech (b. 4 June 1898, Sambir-?), Helena (b. 24 Feb. 1900, Zolochiv-?), and Stanislaw (b. 11 Dec. 1907, Przemysl-?). The family resided alternately at ul. Krownicka, 15 and 17.

Pavlo Zenon, a railway warehouse worker, married Sofia Droczak in Przemysl. They had five children (the boys were raised as Greek Catholics and the daughters in the Roman Catholic rite). They all attended Primary School no. 8 in Przemysl; later, the sons went to the Ukrainian Gymnasium there: Zofia Kazimiera (b. 29 Oct. 1899, Przemysl-?), Bohdan Oleksander (18 April 1901, Przemysl-16 Mar.1970, Arlington, VA), Irena (b. 24 Nov. 1902, Stryi-?), Zenon Volodymyr (b. 2 or 4 Jan. 1904, Przemysl-?), and Adam (b. 22 March 1907, Przemysl-?). The family resided at ul. Krownicka, 15 and 17.

Mykhailo (b. 20 Nov. 1837, Nehrybka-d. 23 April 1871, Przemysl) married Anna Lenczyk (b. 20 April 1851, daughter of Ilia and Kateryna Henhalo of Zasanie, residing at 73, Przekopana), on 20 February 1870. He died soon after their marriage. His widow married again in 1871 to Toma Vyshnevskyi (b. 10 Dec. 1842).

Julia (b. ca. 1841) married 1) widower Anton Puszynski (alternative spelling Powszynski) of Blonie on 30 September 1860 in Nehrybka. Anton (b. either 27 July or 3 Aug. 1827-d. 14 Feb. 1880 (tuberculosis)) was the son of Stefan Puszynski and Maria Szostakowska-Dubak. They resided at 163 Blonie (21 ul. Krownicka; today ul. Gen. Jakuba Jasinskiego). Among their children's godparents were: Vasyl Levchak, Kateryna Lewicka, Anastasia Dawidowicz, Ivan Tsok, Mykhailo Radiak, Mykhailo Pajtasz, Stefan Serednicki, Victoria Torska (wife of Ivan Torski), Paulina Muszkiet (wife of Vasyl). Their children: 

Mykhailo (30 Sep. 1862-28 Oct. 1862)

 

Anna (17 Dec. 1863) married Jozef Dombrowski (b. 16 March 1861) on 17 May 1885. He was a Roman Catholic, son of Casimir Dombrowski and Antonina Szostakowska of 128, Blonie. He worked as a bricklayer.

 

Kateryna (b. 10 Oct. 1866-1 Jan. 1867)

 

Vasyl (b. 12 Feb. 1868), married Anna Gengalo (b. 21 Oct. 1869, daughter of Wasyl and Anna Fedorovych of Przekopana) on 1 March 1891 in Przemysl.

Maria (b. 20 May 1870), 163, Blonie, married Oleksandr Sabarai (b. 8 Sep. 1860, son of Mykhailo and Pelahia Lenczyk) on 10 February 1889 in Przemysl

 

Kateryna (b. 29 Jan. 1873), 163, Blonie, married Iosyf (Josef) Lenczyk (b. 31 Dec. 1868, son of Mykola and Katerynak Ptak) on 7 February 1893 in Przemysl.

 

Ivan (b. 2 Feb. 1876)

 

Mykhailo (13 Nov. 1879) 

After Anton's death, Julia had another child out of wedlock. Her daughter Pelahia died an infant (b. 14 Jan. 1883-d. 3 March 1883). The child's godparents were Ihnatii and Kateryna Czyzewicz. Julia entered a second marriage 2) Mykola Salamacha on 21 Feb. 1886. Mykola (b. 20 May 1837-d. 2 May 1893) was the son of Ivan Salamacha and Anna Hnatkowska of Tsykiv (Cykow). The witnesses were Ivan Wolyniec and Antonina Maruckiewicz. On Mykola's death, Julia married for the third time to a man 30 -years junior to her 3) Vasyl Iarosevych (Jarosiewicz) (16 Feb. 1873, son of Mykola and Pelahia Opalynska of Przekopana) on 23 February 1897. They were associated with house no. 64, Przekopana.

My great, great grandfather Iosyp (Joseph) Kiebuz (b. 27 Nov. 1835, Nehrybka) married Maria Balko (b. 18 Aug. 1838, Nehrybka-d. 12 Feb. 1924) on 27 January 1859. She was the daughter of Dmytro Balko and Eva (Eudokia) Gołdyra. Iosyp and Maria had a number of children, all born in Nehrybka, and associated with house no. 28: Stefan (b. 30 Dec. 1859-d. 23 Feb. 1860); Vasyl (b.3 Jan. 1861); Anna (b. 4 Dec. 1862); Oles (Ilya) (b. 12 March 1865-d. 23 Dec. 1865); Dmytro (b. 10 Dec. 1866); and Iosyp, my great grandfather (b. 22 April 1869-d. 28 Jan. 1938). According to family lore, one winter night their father, Iosyf the senior, left the house and did not return. His body was never found and it was assumed that wolves had killed and eaten him. His widow, Maria Balko Kiebuz, remarried a man named Ivan Kaszubinski / Kashubynskyi. They had three children together: Hryhorii (b. 11 Feb. 1877-d. 13 Sep. 1942); Maria (married Stepan Khrobak / Chrobak); and Kateryna (b. 1880) (in 1899, she married Ivan Treshnevskyi / Tresniowskyj (b. 19 May 1876, Nehrybka, son of Mykhailo and Maria Sawicka). Hryhorii Kaszubinski had four children: Dmytro, Stefan, Iosyp, and Kateryna. Maria (Kaszubinska) Khrobak had a son named Vasyl (29 Aug. 1904, Nehrybka-Aug. 1954, Kalush), a priest.

Iosyp (junior), my great-grandfather did not get along with his stepfather, Ivan Kaszubinski, and went to live with one of his father's brother, uncle Andrei Kiebuzinski, who was a priest in Vereshytsia, to the east of Yavoriv. However, he did maintain close ties with his two step-sisters, Maria Khrobak and Kateryna Treshnevska.

After reaching maturity,  Iosyp the junior took possession of a property that had belonged to the family. It was the second largest farm in Pikulice. He married Anna Sanocka (b. 8 Dec. 1879-d. 30 July 1931 daughter of Ivan Sanotskyi (Sanocki) (b. 4 Oct. 1842) and Maria Velyka (Welykij) (b. 16 Aug. 1836)). They had nine children: Stepan, Mariia, Vasyl (died at birth), Vasyl, Ivan, Hryhorii (my grandfather), Olga, Joseph, and Volodymyr.

Iosyp served as a sergeant in the Austrian artillery. He was an outspoken Moskofil and was denigrated by local Ukrainian nationalists as a katsap (Source: Selianska rada v.1, no. 21 (11 Oct. 1907), and Peremyskyi vistnyk v.5, no. 24 (1 Dec. 1911). During World War I, he was imprisoned in Thalerhof concentration camp, near Graz, as a Russian sympathizer (Russophile). According to a memoir by a fellow prisoner, Ivan A. Vasiuta, Iosyp was sentenced to at least 15 months of internment (Source: Talerhhofskyi almanakh v.3, pt.1). In fact, Iosyf was arrested 3 August 1914, and with the 22 August transport to Linz was sent to Thalerhof. Iosyf appeared before a military court in Graz and was sentenced to 15 months in prison, the sentence was then revoked. From Thalerhof he was called up for military service, likely serving with the K.K. Landwehr-Infanterieregiment Graz Nr.3. (Sources: Communiques of the county starosta 3 August 1914 no. 319/pr. and 28 August 1914 no. 460/pr.; speech of deputy R.N. Chaikovskyi in Parliament 28 June 1917). In the starosta's roll of 22 January 1912 it is noted that he was a member of the Russka Druzhina[Russian brigade], a Russian sympathizer (Source: Mirovich, R.D., ed.Alfavitnyi ukazatel zhertv avstro-madiarskogo terrora vo vremia pervoi mirovoi voiny 1914-1918 gg. na oblastikakh Galitskoi i Bukovinskoi Rusi (Lvov, 1917). 

Word was that after the war he changed his political outlook about the Russians. Even before the war he was a member of the Prosvita Society (from 1907) and, after the war, ended up sending all his sons to the Ukrainian gymnasium. Later, under Polish rule, he was a guard at the Ukrainian Army internment camp in Pikulice. All his life he considered himself to be a Rusyn although all his children identified themselves as Ukrainian. My father recollects his mother telling him that Iosyp used to wear a "pereyaslo" (a twisted braid of straw) instead of a belt to let every one know he was one of the people.
 
According to some family members, Iosyp was very tight with his money and his wife would filch money from him to give to her sons (cigarette money). She passed away of kidney cancer in 1931.
 
Iosyp’s and Anna’s children:

1st row (l to r): Vasyl, Stefan, Ivan.
2nd row (l to r): Volodymyr, Hryhorii, Iosyf
 

Stefan (or Stepan) Kebuz (b. 21 Feb. 1895, Pikulice-d. 6 January 1934, Lviv) completed Przemyśl Ukrainian State Gymnasium on 17 June 1913. During World War I, he volunteered to serve in the Austrian Army, and served in the 4th field battalion of the 1st Line Infantry Regiment "Wien," which was part of the 25th Infantry Division, 11th Corps, 4th Army, under the command of Moritz von Auffenberg, with its depot at Vienna. This infantry regiment took part in the Galician campaign in 1914-1915. It fought in the battle of Komarow, during which the Austro-Hungarian forces defeated the Russians in early September 1914; however, by March 1915, the 4th Army was encircled near Przemyśl, and forced to retreat. 120,000 defenders were captured, and made prisoners of war by the Russian Army. Stepan was among them, or taken prisoner in late May or early June 1915, at a battle near Lutsk, Ukraine (Verlustliste ausgegeben am 11./6. 1915) and, as an officer, held in Astrakhan in southern Russia. Stefan, later, served in the Ukrainian Galician Army. He was likely interned following the war. In 1923, he continued studies in emigration. He is on a list of students seeking financial aid in the Ukrainian American newspaper Svoboda (2 April 1923). Stefan worked as a gymnasium professor first for the co-educational Ukrainian Gymnasium in Iavoriv (Jaworow) for the school years 1919 to 1921 and 1923/1924, where he taught natural sciences. He then taught chemistry and natural sciences at the Ukrainian Girls' Institute in Przemyśl (1925-1927). After his teaching assignments in Iavoriv and Przemyśl, he moved to Rohatyn. He taught at the Polish Gimnazjum Panstwowego im. Piotra Skargi in Rohatyn from fall 1928 to spring 1930. We next find him teaching natural sciences, physics, and Ukrainian for the school year 1932/1933 in Brody. In September 1933, he took part in the Congress of Polish Physicians and Naturalists held in Poznan. He remained in Brody until his death in 1934. Stefan married Iryna Kotovych (Kotowycz) (b. 9 Nov. 1906, Przemyśl), daughter of Mykhailo and Josefa Galigowska. They had one daughter. Stefan died when his daughter was only two or three years old. His widow, Iryna, married Dr. Hryhorii Szymanski (b. 25 Jan. 1902, Nowy Lubliniec), a widower with his own daughter. They immigrated to Canada. Iryna Kebuz Szymanska died on 5 April 2003 in Toronto. Her funeral was held 9 April at St. Demetrius Parish. She is buried at Park Lawn Cemetery (Source: Svoboda (18 April 2003)).

 
Maria Kebuz (25 March 1896, Pikulice-4 May 1970, Ternopil) married Mykhailo Perkach (Perkacz). They had one daughter. In 1946, Maria and her daughter relocated from Poland to Soviet Ukraine, and lived for a while near Brody. Then in 1950 the family--Maria, sister Olha, and daughter--moved to Lviv where her daughter studied medicine. They stayed there until 1957, when they moved to Ternopil.
 
Vasyl Kebuz (b. 10 Apr. 1898-d. 13 Apr. 1898 in Pikulice) died in infancy.
 
Vasyl Iosyf Kebuz (b. 24 Feb. 1903, Pikulice-d. 19 Apr. 1974) completed Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium in 1924. After finishing his gymnasium studies, he spent three years at the Ukrainian seminary, but left it when celibacy was established by the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Przemysl in 1924. He then went to work on the family farm. He inherited the farm after his father’s death—at that time the largest property in Pikulice. During the early 1930s, Vasyl headed the Ridna shkola and Prosvita societies in Pikulice. In 1937, Vasyl married a woman named Anna Rojiwska (b. 1913). Her uncle was a judge in Przemysl, for whom worked Vasyl's younger brother Iosyp, and he introduced them to each other. Their wedding was officiated by Rev. Ivan Kebuz. Vasyl and Anna had two children. Vasyl served in the Polish army at the beginning of the Second World War. In 1945 the Polish government confiscated the family property, and they relocated to Soviet Ukraine. They moved to the Klekotiv region, where Vasyl's wife's parents lived. There, the family experienced persecution by the NKVD for being kulaks (e.g. affluent peasants or independent farmers). Anna’s 80-year old grandmother and her sister-in-law with two small children were sent to Siberia. Under constant persecution, Vasyl moved from Klekotiv to Brody and worked at different jobs. He tried to get a job as a teacher of German language but the authorities did not allow him that kind of work. At some point Vasyl and his wife became separated, perhaps by the circumstances, and he continued to raise the children himself. According to his daughter, he was always sad and constantly worried that his children would not be allowed to get a higher education. In the early 1970s Vasyl moved to Iasinia to live with his son, then in January 1974 he went to live with his daughter in Turka. At this time he was already sick, and in April 1974, he died of lung cancer. According to his wishes he is buried in Turka, "as this was close to Pikulice, where he spent the best years of his life.”

Ivan Kebuz (b. 6 June 1905, Pikulice-d. 26 June 1941, Dobromyl) completed Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium in 1925. Afterwards he served on the council of the cooperative bank “Vira” . He was ordained a Ukrainian Catholic priest on 30 March 1930, and served the following parishes: St. Ignatius Ukrainian Catholic Church in Horbachi, Rudky District (1930-1932); St. Michael Ukrainian Catholic Church in Majdan Sieniawski, Jaroslaw District (1932-1937); and St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church in Makova, Dobromyl District (1937-1939). On 23 June 1941 Soviet NKVD agents arrested him together with other Ukrainians. He was taken to a prison in Dobromyl where he was tortured for two days. His torturers cut out his tongue. He was executed on June 26 and his body was thrown into a ditch. There is a plaque commemorating him inside the Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral in Przemysl (Source: Kozak, Mykhailo.Pom’iany, Hospody, dushi sluh tvoikh. (Peremyshl, 2002)).

 
My grandfather Hryhorii (Gregory) Kiebuzinski (b. 31 Jan. 1907, Pikulice-d. 31 Oct. 1943, Bibrka) was baptized on 31 January in Pikulice. His godparents were Stefan Kaszubinski, and Anna, wife of Andrii Dedio, farmers. At the time of his birth the family resided at house #16. He completed Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium in 1926, and later obtained a Masters of Law. He married Volodymyra Koczyrkiewicz on 20 June 1936. They had one son, my father. Hryhorii worked as a gymnasium teacher and lawyer near Przemysl, in the town of Dubiecko. When the Germans advanced to Eastern Poland in 1939, he served as the town commissioner for a short time. From early 1942 to 1943, Hryhorii (Gregor Kiebus vel Kiebusynskyj) was working as a notary public in Bibrka (Source: Amtliches Fernsprechbuch für das Generalgouvernement (1942)), where he died in late October 1943 of appendicitis. He had served as a notary, assistant director of the rural-district delegation of the Ukrainian Central Committee's aid branch in Bibrka (in which he was very active), and a member of the auditing commission for the Notary chamber in Lviv (Source: Nashi dni, r.2, ch. 11 (Nov. 1943) and Krakivski visti,ch. 249 and 269 (6 and 30 Nov. 1943)). Obituaries for him note that he was a modest, well-liked man, an honest and hardworking lawyer, and excellent public speaker, who was very engaged in promoting the Ukrainian cause. Among those who paid their respects at his funeral and eulogized him were: Rev. Ivan Mashchak, a priest in Bibrka who had ministered to the Ukrainian Galician Army; Rev. Osyp Diakiv (b. 23 Feb. 1870 in Lviv, ord. 1893, d. 1949 near Peremyshliany), who served as pastor of Bibrka from 1933 to 1947; Dr. Kornel Vashchuk (b. 1893 in Hlibovychi Velyki, Bibrka district-d. 18 Nov. 1972 in Toronto), who was a lawyer, officer in the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and served as mayor of Bibrka from 1942; Roman Kliufas (b. 1904 in Sambir-d. 29 Mar. 1982 in New Jersey), who as also a lawyer; and Lev Iatskevych (b. 8 Sep. 1907 in Stryi-d. 1995 in Philadelphia), who was an engineer by education, and a poet, and who during the war served as Head of the Relief Committee for Lviv District of the Ukrainian Central Committee.

Shortly after my grandfather died, my grandmother and father fled the advancing Soviet Army to Austria, where they lived for about two and a half years, first in a Displaced Persons camp in Landeck, and then privately in Innsbruck. From Austria, they moved to Forli (near Rimini), Italy, where there was a a prisoner-of-war camp for servicemen of the Ukrainian National Army, and to whom my step-grandfather, Ivan Soroka (my grandmother's eventual second husband), a medical doctor, provided care. Together with the servicemen, my grandmother, step-grandfather, and father, were taken to England before moving to North America. In England, they lived in the village of Witcham. Ivan Soroka (b. 12 Jan. 1902, Florynka-d. 12 Dec. 1975, Bridgeport, CT; son of schoolteacher Stefan Soroka (Pavlo and Maria Kordyak) and Maria Bartoszeska (Ivan and Maria Krasicka)) worked as a doctor for the RAF Hospitals in Mepal and Ely where there were veterans of the Polish and Ukrainian armies. My grandmother worked for the jam factory Chivers. When they immigrated to the United States, they settled first in Brooklyn, and then in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
 
Josef (Joseph) Kiebuz vel Kiebuzinski (b. 26 Feb. 1909, Pikulice-d. 19 Aug. 1986, Detroit, Michigan) attended classic gymnasium at the Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium from 1918 to 1927, and then began studies at Lviv University, and completed them by obtaining a Master of Law from Jagiellonian University in Krakow (17 October 1931). He began his legal apprenticeship at the court in Grodzisko, near Dynow. Afterwards, he worked as a coadjutor in the law firm of Dr. Stanislaw Cwikowski  in Nowy Sacz, together with his classmate from the Jagiellonian University, Franciszek Cwikowski, who was Dr. Cwikowski's nephew. In Krakow, in March 1938, he passed the bar examination and continued working for the same firm in Nowy Sacz, but now as a fully qualified lawyer, until 1944. For his political and national views, he was arrested in 1939, and was interned at the Polish concentration camp Bereza Kartuska. The camp operated from 1934 to 1939. With the arrival of the German army in September 1939, he and the other prisoners were released. Josef was taken to labor camps in Germany in August 1944, and worked in Vienna until the end of the Second World War. He then relocated to Germany, and was at a Displaced Person camp near Munich. He studied at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Ukrainian Free University in Munich, under Professor L. Shramchenko, defending a doctoral thesis entitled "Suverenitet narodu v antychnomu sviti ta u Zakhidnii Evropi" (Sovereignty of the People in Western Europe) on 13 August 1946. He taught for the UNRRA University as a senior assistant and instructor (1946-1948), and lived at 42/2 Lucile-Grahn Strasse, Munich. While still in Germany, Josef attempted to contact Eva Kuzynych from the village Sielec (Source: Svoboda (5 July 1946). Josef married a German woman named Hedwig Anne (Hedy) (b. 17 Sep. 1923- ). They immigrated to the United States, with Josef arriving from Bremen, Germany, to New York City on 21 February 1948 aboard the ship Marine Tiger. His destination on arrival was 100 Grove Street, Glastonbury, CT. He and Hedy became naturalized U.S. citizens in Detroit, Michigan. In the States Josef first held a number of menial jobs, working in auto factories, in a bakery, and as a dishwasher in a restaurant. Despite these great challenges, he obtained a Master's degree in library science from the University of Michigan, and then worked as a cataloger of foreign-language material for the University of Michigan Law Library (1958-1959), Wayne State University Medical Library (1960-1971), and the Wayne State University General Library (1971-1979). He was a member of the American Library Association and the Medical Library Association. Josef and Hedy had two sons.

His younger son recalls his father as someone who loved to read everyday, anything from history books to the daily New York Times, and who had an active interest in politics. Josef also liked to write and was working on a history of the Nowy Sacz region up to his death. He remembered fondly his days from the Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium—learning Latin and Greek—as well as days spent trout fishing and swimming in the streams of the Carpathian Mountains with his brother Ivan. They shared a ritual of spitting on worms to bring luck with their catch.
 
Volodymyr (Wlodzimierz or Walter) Kebuz (b. 25 Dec. 1910, Pikulice-d. 12 Oct. 1999, Las Cruces, New Mexico) completed Przemysl Ukrainian State Gymnasium in 1929, and received a commercial degree from the Academy of Economics in Poznan in 1932 (Source: Akademia ekonomiczna w Poznaniu, 1926-1976 (Warszawa-Poznan: Panstwowe wyd-wo naukowe, 1976), p. 355). Later he continued his studies in pharmacology. Before the war, Volodymyr worked for the cooperative bank "Vira" in Przemysl. He, his wife Stefaniia (née Vasylkevych, b. 5 Jan. 1913-d. 14 Apr. 2000 in Las Cruces, New Mexico), and son, were displaced persons in Germany following the Second World War. Volodymyr, while a refugee in Germany, placed an advertisement in Svoboda looking for Iosyf, Senior, and Anna Smulka, both of Pikulice, near Przemysl. They were supposed to be living in Boston or the vicinity (Source: Svoboda (24 May 1946)). The family immigrated to the United States, arriving from Bremen, Germany, to New York City aboard the ship Marine Flasher on 3 August 1947. Their final destination on arrival was 100 Grove St., Glastonbury, CT (again, to stay with their Pikulice Kiebuz cousins). In the United States, Volodymyr received a degree in accounting and worked in that field until his retirement.

Olha (25 Mar. 1914, Pikulice-11 Feb. 2001, Ternopil) moved along with her brother Vasyl and sister Maria from Pikulice to Ukraine after the Second World War. She lived with her sister and niece in Ternopil until her death. From descriptions of family members she was a very kind person, and apparently was a talented writer, receiving at one point a letter of encouragement from Bohdan Lepkyi.